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摄像头如何监控十三亿人
过去十年，中国是监控摄像头增长最快的国家。根据咨询公司 IHS Markit 2016 年的数据，中国共装有 1.76 亿个监控摄像头。其中由公安系统掌握的，有 2000 万。
In the past ten years, China has been the fastest growing surveillance camera in China. According to data from IHS Markit, a consultancy, in 2016, there are 176 million monitoring cameras in China. Among them, 20 million were mastered by the public security system.
「平安城市」计划，是中国视频监控行业发展的主要推力。
The "safe city" plan is the main thrust of the development of China's video surveillance industry.
2005 年，国务院转发《关于深入开展平安建设的意见》，「平安建设」开始成为一个政治目标。而视频监控则是平安城市的关键。
In 2005, the State Council forwarded the "views on the development of safety in depth", and "peace building" began to become a political goal. Video surveillance is the key to a safe city.
公安是实现平安建设的主要部门。
Public security is the main department to realize safety construction.
在公安部 2004 年启动的「科技强警示范城市建设」和 2005 年启动的「3111 试点工程」中，都以建设视频监控系统为核心目标。
The construction of video surveillance system is the core goal of the 3111 pilot project launched by the Ministry of public security in 2004, which was launched by the Ministry of public security in the construction of the technology strong police demonstration city and the 2005 launch.
随着一期项目成功验收，各地方开始纷纷跟进“平安城市”建设项目，由各大城市开始向乡镇扩散。
With the successful acceptance of a project, various places began to follow up the "safe city" construction projects, and began to spread to the villages and towns from major cities.
从 2009 年《湖北省社会治安视频监控系统共享平台共享平台建设指导意见》、2010 年《青岛市市市北区平安城市监控系统建设方案》、2012 年《惠州市社会治安视频监控系统建设三年规划》几份文件中，我们可以窥见这一系统是如何运作的。
From 2009 "Hubei province public security video surveillance system sharing platform sharing platform construction guidance", 2010 "Qingdao Shibei City Surveillance System Construction Plan", "2012 Huizhou city public security video surveillance system three years plan" a few documents, we can see how this system works.
在中国，视频监控系统又被称为「天网工程」，通常分为，视频采集-网络传输-数据处理-业务应用，四层结构。在这些文件中，摄像头的计量单位是「路」，而每路摄像头的采购预算在 3-5 万。
In China, video surveillance system is also called "Skynet project", which is usually divided into four layers: Video Acquisition - network transmission - Data Processing - business application. In these documents, the measuring unit of the camera is the "road", and the purchasing budget of the cameras on each road is 3-5 million.
天网工程的第一步是部署摄像头，这些节点被分为一类监控点和二类监控点。
The first step of the Skynet project is the deployment of a camera, which is divided into a class of monitoring points and two types of monitoring points.
一类点主要覆盖道路、广场、地铁公交等人流密集区域，二类点多为医院、学校、公园等重要公共空间。
A class of points mainly covers roads, squares, subway buses and other crowded areas. The two kinds of points are most important public spaces such as hospitals, schools and parks.
以广州市为例，2013 年发布的一份广州市视频系统建设规划中，要求全市一类点达到 5.8 万个，二类点达到 17.3 万个。
Taking Guangzhou as an example, a video system construction plan in 2013 issued by the city requires 58 thousand points in the city and 173 thousand in two categories.
不同类型的监控点，对摄像头也有不同的要求。
Different types of monitoring points also have different requirements for the camera.
新设置的一类点多为高清摄像头，要求图像分辨率高于 1280×720，并由公安进行 24 小时实时监控。二类点则相对宽松，预算约为一类点的一半，且执行实时监控的是相关单位，而非公安。
The new set of a class of high-definition cameras, the image resolution is higher than 1280 x 720, and the public security for 24 hours real-time monitoring. The two kind of point is relatively loose, the budget is about half of the point, and the implementation of real-time monitoring is related units, not public security.
常见的监控摄像头根据外形被分为球机和枪机。枪机通常设置于室内，走廊，出入口等需要固定监控的区域。而球机的优势则在于可以水平方向 360°连续旋转，更多出现于开阔空间，根据具体情况分时旋转巡航。
According to the shape of common camera is divided into ball machine and bolt. Usually the bolt is arranged in the room, corridor, entrance to fixed monitoring area. The advantage of the ball machine lies in the continuous rotation of 360 degrees in the horizontal direction, more in the open space, and the rotation of the cruise according to the specific situation.
这些监控设备每天都会产生大量的图像数据，如何高效的传输和储存视频数据，也是天网工程的技术难点。
These monitoring devices will produce a large number of image data every day. How to efficiently transmit and store video data is also the technical difficulty of the Skynet project.
视频传输的关键在于尽可能减少延迟，连接视频光端机的光纤传输是今天最主流的方案，前端到监控中心的延迟可以控制在 2 秒以内。
The key is to minimize the video transmission delay, optical fiber transmission connection voop is today the most mainstream programs, front to delay the monitoring center can be controlled in less than 2 seconds.
视频的储存和处理则相对简单，普通石更盘接入石更盘录像机就可以实现。
Storage and processing of video is relatively simple, ordinary stone Gengpan stone Gengpan recorder can achieve access.
一台分辨率为 720×576，变化运动率为 70％的摄像设备，其每秒产生的数据约为 0.25M，一天将产生 211G 数据。要实现视频储存时间不低于 15 天，一台摄像头需要配置 316G 以上的空间。
A camera device with a resolution of 720 * 576 and a changed motion rate of 70% is about 0.25M per second, which will produce 211G data a day. To achieve video storage time not less than 15 days, a camera needs to configure more than 316G space.
尽管数据量不小，但对于每路设备动辄 4、5 万的预算来说，储存数据的成本并不高，3000 块 1T 石更盘就足以满足一万台摄像设备。
Although the amount of data is not small, but for each device at 4, 50 thousand of the budget, the cost of storing data is not high, 3000 pieces of stone 1T Gengpan is enough to meet ten thousand camera equipment.
天网工程牵涉环节繁多，在青岛市市北区的视频监控系统设备清单中，需要采购的设备种类多达 54 种。
Skynet project involves numerous aspects, in the list of equipment of video surveillance system in Qingdao City, the type of device needs to purchase up to 54.
从硬件、安装、传输，到软件、储存、维护，每一个环节都花费不菲，视频监控行业也迎来了高速发展期。
From hardware, installation, transmission to software, storage, maintenance, every link is expensive, video surveillance industry also ushered in a high-speed development period.
2005-2015 年，中国视频监控市场翻了 14 倍。其中最大的企业是海康威视，国资背景让其在安防行业如鱼得水，2016 年，海康威视实现了近 320 亿营收。
In 2005-2015 years, China's video surveillance market has turned 14 times. Among them, the biggest enterprise is Hikvision, the national capital background let it in the security industry like fish, in 2016, Hikvision realized nearly 32 billion of revenue.
今天，人脸识别和智能分析开始成为视频监控的标配。
Today, face recognition and intelligent analysis are becoming the standard of video surveillance.
随着 2010 年，深度学习算法在在语音和图像识别领域的重大突破，通过摄像头识别人脸开始成为现实。
With a major breakthrough in the field of speech and image recognition in the 2010, deep learning algorithms have become a reality by identifying faces through a camera.
人脸检测是人脸识别的第一步，无论是侧脸、遮挡、弱光、模糊，今天的技术都可以实现毫秒级的检测。
Face detection is the first step in face recognition, both face occlusion, weak light, fuzzy, today's technology can achieve the detection of millisecond.
随后，摄像头将从采集的图像中选取最高质量的一张，完成口鼻轮廓等 106 个关键点定位，最后再与身份证等图库照片进行比对。
Then, the camera will pick one of the highest quality from the collected images, finish the 106 key points, such as mouth nose contour, and finally compare with the photo library of ID card and other pictures.
另一方面，算法还可以分析监控画面，实时标注出人群数量、密度，性别，衣着特征，车辆特征。
On the other hand, the algorithm can also analyze the monitoring screen to mark the number, density, sex, dress features and vehicle characteristics in real time.
相比其他国家，中国拥有海量的人脸数据用于机器学习。而政府的强力意志，得以让行业上下游有充足的资源升级设备，研究算法。
Compared with other countries, China has a large number of face data for machine learning. And the strong will of the government can make the industry and downstream have sufficient resources to upgrade equipment and research algorithms.
也许在不久的未来，摄像头将直接喊出你的名字。
Maybe in the near future, the camera will shout out your name directly.
In the past ten years, China has been the fastest growing surveillance camera in China. According to data from IHS Markit, a consultancy, in 2016, there are 176 million monitoring cameras in China. Among them, 20 million were mastered by the public security system.
「平安城市」计划，是中国视频监控行业发展的主要推力。
The "safe city" plan is the main thrust of the development of China's video surveillance industry.
2005 年，国务院转发《关于深入开展平安建设的意见》，「平安建设」开始成为一个政治目标。而视频监控则是平安城市的关键。
In 2005, the State Council forwarded the "views on the development of safety in depth", and "peace building" began to become a political goal. Video surveillance is the key to a safe city.
公安是实现平安建设的主要部门。
Public security is the main department to realize safety construction.
在公安部 2004 年启动的「科技强警示范城市建设」和 2005 年启动的「3111 试点工程」中，都以建设视频监控系统为核心目标。
The construction of video surveillance system is the core goal of the 3111 pilot project launched by the Ministry of public security in 2004, which was launched by the Ministry of public security in the construction of the technology strong police demonstration city and the 2005 launch.
随着一期项目成功验收，各地方开始纷纷跟进“平安城市”建设项目，由各大城市开始向乡镇扩散。
With the successful acceptance of a project, various places began to follow up the "safe city" construction projects, and began to spread to the villages and towns from major cities.
从 2009 年《湖北省社会治安视频监控系统共享平台共享平台建设指导意见》、2010 年《青岛市市市北区平安城市监控系统建设方案》、2012 年《惠州市社会治安视频监控系统建设三年规划》几份文件中，我们可以窥见这一系统是如何运作的。
From 2009 "Hubei province public security video surveillance system sharing platform sharing platform construction guidance", 2010 "Qingdao Shibei City Surveillance System Construction Plan", "2012 Huizhou city public security video surveillance system three years plan" a few documents, we can see how this system works.
在中国，视频监控系统又被称为「天网工程」，通常分为，视频采集-网络传输-数据处理-业务应用，四层结构。在这些文件中，摄像头的计量单位是「路」，而每路摄像头的采购预算在 3-5 万。
In China, video surveillance system is also called "Skynet project", which is usually divided into four layers: Video Acquisition - network transmission - Data Processing - business application. In these documents, the measuring unit of the camera is the "road", and the purchasing budget of the cameras on each road is 3-5 million.
天网工程的第一步是部署摄像头，这些节点被分为一类监控点和二类监控点。
The first step of the Skynet project is the deployment of a camera, which is divided into a class of monitoring points and two types of monitoring points.
一类点主要覆盖道路、广场、地铁公交等人流密集区域，二类点多为医院、学校、公园等重要公共空间。
A class of points mainly covers roads, squares, subway buses and other crowded areas. The two kinds of points are most important public spaces such as hospitals, schools and parks.
以广州市为例，2013 年发布的一份广州市视频系统建设规划中，要求全市一类点达到 5.8 万个，二类点达到 17.3 万个。
Taking Guangzhou as an example, a video system construction plan in 2013 issued by the city requires 58 thousand points in the city and 173 thousand in two categories.
不同类型的监控点，对摄像头也有不同的要求。
Different types of monitoring points also have different requirements for the camera.
新设置的一类点多为高清摄像头，要求图像分辨率高于 1280×720，并由公安进行 24 小时实时监控。二类点则相对宽松，预算约为一类点的一半，且执行实时监控的是相关单位，而非公安。
The new set of a class of high-definition cameras, the image resolution is higher than 1280 x 720, and the public security for 24 hours real-time monitoring. The two kind of point is relatively loose, the budget is about half of the point, and the implementation of real-time monitoring is related units, not public security.
常见的监控摄像头根据外形被分为球机和枪机。枪机通常设置于室内，走廊，出入口等需要固定监控的区域。而球机的优势则在于可以水平方向 360°连续旋转，更多出现于开阔空间，根据具体情况分时旋转巡航。
According to the shape of common camera is divided into ball machine and bolt. Usually the bolt is arranged in the room, corridor, entrance to fixed monitoring area. The advantage of the ball machine lies in the continuous rotation of 360 degrees in the horizontal direction, more in the open space, and the rotation of the cruise according to the specific situation.
这些监控设备每天都会产生大量的图像数据，如何高效的传输和储存视频数据，也是天网工程的技术难点。
These monitoring devices will produce a large number of image data every day. How to efficiently transmit and store video data is also the technical difficulty of the Skynet project.
视频传输的关键在于尽可能减少延迟，连接视频光端机的光纤传输是今天最主流的方案，前端到监控中心的延迟可以控制在 2 秒以内。
The key is to minimize the video transmission delay, optical fiber transmission connection voop is today the most mainstream programs, front to delay the monitoring center can be controlled in less than 2 seconds.
视频的储存和处理则相对简单，普通石更盘接入石更盘录像机就可以实现。
Storage and processing of video is relatively simple, ordinary stone Gengpan stone Gengpan recorder can achieve access.
一台分辨率为 720×576，变化运动率为 70％的摄像设备，其每秒产生的数据约为 0.25M，一天将产生 211G 数据。要实现视频储存时间不低于 15 天，一台摄像头需要配置 316G 以上的空间。
A camera device with a resolution of 720 * 576 and a changed motion rate of 70% is about 0.25M per second, which will produce 211G data a day. To achieve video storage time not less than 15 days, a camera needs to configure more than 316G space.
尽管数据量不小，但对于每路设备动辄 4、5 万的预算来说，储存数据的成本并不高，3000 块 1T 石更盘就足以满足一万台摄像设备。
Although the amount of data is not small, but for each device at 4, 50 thousand of the budget, the cost of storing data is not high, 3000 pieces of stone 1T Gengpan is enough to meet ten thousand camera equipment.
天网工程牵涉环节繁多，在青岛市市北区的视频监控系统设备清单中，需要采购的设备种类多达 54 种。
Skynet project involves numerous aspects, in the list of equipment of video surveillance system in Qingdao City, the type of device needs to purchase up to 54.
从硬件、安装、传输，到软件、储存、维护，每一个环节都花费不菲，视频监控行业也迎来了高速发展期。
From hardware, installation, transmission to software, storage, maintenance, every link is expensive, video surveillance industry also ushered in a high-speed development period.
2005-2015 年，中国视频监控市场翻了 14 倍。其中最大的企业是海康威视，国资背景让其在安防行业如鱼得水，2016 年，海康威视实现了近 320 亿营收。
In 2005-2015 years, China's video surveillance market has turned 14 times. Among them, the biggest enterprise is Hikvision, the national capital background let it in the security industry like fish, in 2016, Hikvision realized nearly 32 billion of revenue.
今天，人脸识别和智能分析开始成为视频监控的标配。
Today, face recognition and intelligent analysis are becoming the standard of video surveillance.
随着 2010 年，深度学习算法在在语音和图像识别领域的重大突破，通过摄像头识别人脸开始成为现实。
With a major breakthrough in the field of speech and image recognition in the 2010, deep learning algorithms have become a reality by identifying faces through a camera.
人脸检测是人脸识别的第一步，无论是侧脸、遮挡、弱光、模糊，今天的技术都可以实现毫秒级的检测。
Face detection is the first step in face recognition, both face occlusion, weak light, fuzzy, today's technology can achieve the detection of millisecond.
随后，摄像头将从采集的图像中选取最高质量的一张，完成口鼻轮廓等 106 个关键点定位，最后再与身份证等图库照片进行比对。
Then, the camera will pick one of the highest quality from the collected images, finish the 106 key points, such as mouth nose contour, and finally compare with the photo library of ID card and other pictures.
另一方面，算法还可以分析监控画面，实时标注出人群数量、密度，性别，衣着特征，车辆特征。
On the other hand, the algorithm can also analyze the monitoring screen to mark the number, density, sex, dress features and vehicle characteristics in real time.
相比其他国家，中国拥有海量的人脸数据用于机器学习。而政府的强力意志，得以让行业上下游有充足的资源升级设备，研究算法。
Compared with other countries, China has a large number of face data for machine learning. And the strong will of the government can make the industry and downstream have sufficient resources to upgrade equipment and research algorithms.
也许在不久的未来，摄像头将直接喊出你的名字。
Maybe in the near future, the camera will shout out your name directly.
